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Saturday, September 25, 2010
The Rutgers Business Law Journal
The Business Law Journal publishes scholarly articles written and submitted by academics, practitioners, professors of law, and students. Articles will cover currently relevant corporate and business topics, including but not limited to, bankruptcy, commercial real estate, banking, mergers & acquisitions, and Sarbanes-Oxley.
The mission of The Business Law Journal is to reinforce Rutgers Law School’s commitment to providing diversity and excellence in legal education. As such, The Journal continually strives to be a premier business law resource on the Internet.
Vice President: Many do not Related Research Community Needs
''All the way from Jakarta to Serpong, one of which I speak with the Research and Technology is not menyambungnya between the results of research with community needs. This occurs in many areas,''said the vice president.
But in conversations with the Minister of Research and Technology, Suharna Surapranata, in the car, both of them understand ketidaknyambungan technologies. VP even consider, now all engaged in the research just busy making and writing tasks.
However, he added, if not associated with what is needed it will not be useful. One example, he said, in agriculture. Boediono view, should be associated with the research community needs to be revitalized. Therefore, research should be able to disseminate research results to agriculture by the penyuluhnya. ''In the 70s this once prominent, now we have to be strong again,''he said.
Oxford Business Group Hold PWC Flats Investment Guide
PricewaterhouseCoopers will provide analysis, accounting for OBG editorial team and research in preparing the Report: Indonesia 2010, is the latest guide OBG about economic activity and investment opportunities in Indonesia.
OBG's Country Director Indonesia, Camille Rovillain, said PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC) will contribute in the preparation of guidelines published in the online business including OBG OBG newsletters, which contain important information about economic development in Indonesia.
"Indonesia has managed to overcome the tendency of the global downturn by continuing to attract investors in difficult times," Camille said in a press release received FORUMKAMI.COM in Jakarta, Monday, June 7, 2010.
According to him, the understanding of PricewaterhouseCoopers regarding the economic picture in Indonesia is considered to help OBG in formulating an investment guide for businessmen around the world.
Irhoan Tanudiredja, senior partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers, adding, in partnership with Oxford Business Group is expected to encourage investors to have the reference information and analysis in business decisions.
Business Research Services
Similar to Market research, Business research offers market specific research at a more detailed level, focusing on specific business units within a particular market. Business research complements market research, providing the next step with detailed research and analysis of businesses within major and niche markets.
Business research addresses those finer details that are often not covered with general market research, providing clients with a more targeted approach to identify and analyze those business units that are most relevant to their needs.
Business Research: Methods and Strategy
Could you benefit from a systematic overview of market research techniques?
If so, this book is for you.
Business Research: Methods and Strategy provides summaries of market research techniques and theory in a myriad of forms — surveys, focus groups, interviews, case studies, feasibility studies, competitor profiling, etc. Interspersed examples and sample forms of business research provide a real-world appreciation for how market research assists business planners in the process of strategic planning. This book has grown out of real-world work in business research settings.
The author, Kim Burkhardt, MBA, is the owner and founder of Burkhardt Research Services. Burkhardt Research Services provides competitor profiling, market research, and feasibility studies to clients in industries such as manufacturing, real estate, healthcare, technology, and government. Ms. Burkhardt also teaches marketing, small business management, and media research.
Kim Burkhardt’s first book, Competitive Intelligence Workbook, has been used as a university textbook at several post-secondary institutions.
Country Manager, Commercial Business Lenovo Indonesia, Sandy Lumy: Lenovo's focus on the SME Market
Globally, Lenovo is currently ranked fourth in the world. Lenovo launched a range of strategies to break down the middle of the market share and bring this company into the number one position. Particularly in Indonesia, this year the sector of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) will be the drivers of market growth of personal computers (PCs) and notebook Lenovo compared to enterprise and public sector segments. To that end, Lenovo is committed to focus on this sector by giving priority to low-price products.
"Market segment is growing rapidly is the SMEs. We see the opportunity that if we want to grow larger in Indonesia, should focus more on SMEs, "said Sandy Lumy, Country Manager, Commercial Business, Lenovo Indonesia. Another reason which makes computer vendors from China's low-price notebook market insist that cost below U.S. $ 800 is the presence of IDC's data support that mentions that the growing trend in Indonesia is low-price market segment, while the high price tends to decline or stagnate. "Based on data from Lenovo, the penetration of this sector in Indonesia is only around 3.9 percent. This figure includes the lowest market penetration compared to other sectors. Nevertheless, we will not give up to continue working on the SME sector, "added the man born in this Indramayu.
To express its commitment, the Lenovo also opened ThinkStore in some of Indonesia's leading IT shopping mall to Think brand is widely known to the public. ThinkStore is a store that provides a complete product Lenovo, both from the class until ThinkPad ThinkCentre, and allows the user to first tested the Lenovo products before purchasing. ThinkStore Lenovo has built are in Jakarta (Mangga Dua Mall), Surabaya, Bandung, Semarang, Palembang and Pekanbaru and several other large cities.
Check out the interview with Sandy Lumy BISKOM more recently.
What Lenovo seek to expand market in Indonesia?
At Lenovo, we focus to develop the core channel. Together we enlarge Lenovo market in Indonesia through the creation of programs for demand generation, whether it is to partner / channel and the end user. In addition, we also create an incentive program or channel program is competitive and attractive in every quarter. The aim is to provide motivation to its business partners to sell Lenovo products as much as possible.
The program, referred to as what?
Our program is boxed with a Lenovo Growth Program (LGP). For the partners who meet the quota, there are certain incentives for them. In addition, we focus to create ThinkStore in a number of leading IT malls in major cities in Indonesia to Lenovo's Think brand known to the wider community. As in Jakarta (Mangga Dua Mall), Surabaya, Bandung, Semarang, Palembang and Pekanbaru and others. Total this quarter, we are targeting to open five Think Store namely in Jakarta, Surabaya, Palembang, Pekanbaru and Makassar. There is a possibility we are also open ThinkStore in cities other than those I mentioned earlier. Not to mention, there such a thing Think Kiosk placed at Lenovo Exclusive Store or Multi Brand Store. We hope the community can know or aware with Lenovo products.
Target problem is very confidential, but certainly we expect to grow faster than the market. For example, if the market growth of 18 percent, we will grow faster than 18 percent, because our target is to increase market share. Currently, Lenovo's market share of 6.1 percent and was in fourth position. We want to increase the market share of at least 10 percent this year. If in the year 2009, Lenovo's market share remained at 4.5 to 4.6 percent. End of the year 2009, based on IDC data, Lenovo's market share has reached 6.1 percent. In this quarter, we expect no improvement. New numbers out around May 2010.
What efforts undertaken so that Lenovo can be placed in third position, or even being number one? Where the market to be aimed?
We'll just see where we were headed to market, for example for the enterprise segment, government, and public sector we will fix the maintenance side. There is now growing with a stable market where enterprise and public sector has reached 13.5 percent. But the current market segments are growing rapidly are SMEs. We see the opportunity that if we want to grow larger in Indonesia, we must focus on SMEs. This niche is relatively large only around 3.9 percent, but we see the SME market segment sales in each quarter is very significant, even much bigger than the enterprise segment and the public sector. Even so, the two segments that we did not forget even if we had more drive to the SMEs, because SMEs are the engine of growth.
Any new technology that distinguishes Lenovo with similar products?
Lenovo's commitment is to bring different products with capabilities that are expected, with reasonable prices, as well as displaying the leading innovations to our customers. Think you've known in the ranks with ThinkVantage Technologies, and the active protection system capable of protecting data on your hard drive and can perform backup and restore. Everything we provide for free. Additional security is also provided by Lenovo through hardware and software products. In essence, ThinkVantage Technologies will provide rescue and data recovery services, power management, and Active Protection System (APS) which is a technology for protecting data on your hard drive from shock or impact. So that those who use Lenovo notebook can get a little relief with data security, thanks to the layered protection provided by Lenovo.
What type of notebook will be launched throughout the 2010's this?
In January, we've launched the Lenovo x100 and Edge, business notebooks aimed at the SME market. Type AMD Athlon processor x100 relies on Edge while the berprosesor Neo Intel claimed to have a higher endurance than the berprosesor AMD. Lenovo also uses a special motherboard on Intel berprosesor notebook manufacturers, and thus more power-efficient that it has been brought by Intel's own processors. While for motherboards AMD, Lenovo to use the standard device. We want to emphasize that the x100 is not netboook, and not a recycled product of S10s Ideapad, Lenovo consumer netbook product, and is not intended to replace the X200. Thinkpad x100 Edge and was quality products at affordable prices, below U.S. $ 800.
So forward, Lenovo will market notebooks priced below U.S. $ 800?
Well, to expand the market, we must market the notebook like that. Like the IDC data mentioned that the growing trend in Indonesia is a low-price market segment, while the high price tends to decline or stagnate in the years 2008-2009 are still considering the crisis so that people maximize the existing budget to get the best product (price performance). And this must be anticipated by computer makers including Lenovo us on that also must be ready to market changes like that so we have to launch innovative products in terms of features and also covered by the community. In addition, we also create what we call an all-in-one PC considering the number of office users who want an all-in-one PC with a variety of considerations.
In the era of free trade and tariff barriers which customs duty is removed, I think his impact on the market of information technology (IT) just fine. But still we have to anticipate the entry of brands of products newcomers. Therefore we must continue to satisfy customers, adding the network service center, and plans to create a spare parts depot, where we will provide service levels more quickly because of obstacles that exist today is the availability of spare parts.
Today, people are also concerned about the brand because it was teredukasi. They choose a brand-reputable brand, so it is not easy for new and cheaper products market penetration in Indonesia, because our society has been smart to choose, not just chasing cheap prices.
What other things are done to satisfy the customers Lenovo?
We also apply Experience Enhanced certification for products that use Windows 7. This certification has various features that optimally designed to improve system performance while improving the computing experience for customers running Windows 7 in Lenovo PCs.
Lenovo Enhanced Experience is the result of technical cooperation between Lenovo and Microsoft, designed to deliver PCs that are not only able to run Windows 7, but also helps the consumer and SME customers to enrich their experience with operating system Windows 7. The main benefit of certification is Lenovo Enhanced Experience advanced performance settings that allows PC-PC Idea Think and work much faster than PC-PC configuration is identical but not optimized. Enhanced Certification Experience also includes an increase of multimedia and software that is easy on system maintenance PCs Idea and ThinkVantage Technologies.
Currently, the government is encouraging the procurement of goods and services with an electronic system called e-Procurement (e-Proc), what is your opinion?
We strongly support the e-Proc, but must be seen also that with the selection process, the price becomes crucial and a factor that determines winning or not. If it is determined solely by price, sometimes in a single project, other than price and the goods, another factor is the level of after sales service which is expected also very important. Deserves scrutiny, offering between one vendor with other vendors is not the same, it's because the cost of different levels of calculation. If it's auction committee is ready and give referrals complete and unambiguous, we must strongly support the implementation of e-Proc.
We did not get involved directly but we support our partners. Thus, a partner who joined the tender and we only support it, such as preparing the necessary documents, mail documents, sales networks, ISO and so forth. So, we help partners to be able to complete the requirements to participate in the tender. Sure, we do not get ahead and stay ahead of partner.
What about government regulations related to IT? As one who was directly involved in the business world, Did you see there are still elements of service learning projects related to government and private?
My opinion, the government must continue to encourage the domestic industry can grow, such as local brands are given incentives to grow. But we also hope that the government should provide healthy competition climate. In a sense, local brands and international brands are given equal opportunities. If the Department of Education, the most requested tenders for a few local products and permits the Minister of Industry with the level of local content. Actually, the existence of these rules do not allow international brands to participate. Only local brands can participate. We understand that the government wants to encourage international brands that do not just sell but also undertake transfer of technology and opened a factory in Indonesia. If for government projects and private sector, my values, already good and transparent, but when it crashed into the guidelines that are not true.
Poverty erodes By PNPM Mandiri
In attendance were representatives from the dialogue Menkoekuin, Menkokesra and Research and Technology and the communities Akto (Association of Farmers Group Preparations) DKI, Amandes, BDS Association of Indonesia, Center for Ceramics, Biotek LIPI, Ciputra Group, GP Jamu, Inkopi, IPB, LPPM ITS, Triputra Group .
Please note that Independent Program launched by the President of the Republic on 30 April 2007 in Palu, Central Sulawesi, in fact is one of the Government's efforts to accelerate poverty penangglangan and expand employment opportunities through the consolidation of community empowerment programs that exist in various ministries / agencies. Which is characteristic of the PNPM Mandiri, the program is doing the distribution of operational funding to activities not directly to the community through local government. The mechanism through village consultation with the Facilitator PNPM Mandiri raised the issue that made activities such as the need to reduce the burden of expenditure, increase revenue and encourage increased public savings.
But in mengiplementasikan PNPM Mandiri still need the synergy of the community, local authorities and groups concerned (private sector, associations, universities, media, NGOs, etc.) as well as partnerships among the three. For that to all parties involved in these programs so socializing into the wider community needs to be done intensively. BIC in PNPM Mandiri take the role as facilitator of technology needs required to facilitate the implementation and activities of this community.
In that occasion the participants were very enthusiastic, proved to be a lot of questions and suggestions posed. And a pleasant conclusion results from a community dialogue ABG is committed to working together in the success of the PNPM Mandiri.
How Companies Avoid Fraud or Corruption
Fraud Risk Management in Business
Previously, little has been written here. The original title of 'Managing the Business Risk of Fraud: A Practical Guide'. This paper is sponsored by the AICPA, IIA, and ACFE, three leading professional associations in the field of Accounting, Internal Auditing, and Fraud.
In this paper the definition, fraud is an intentional action (to do or not do), aim to deceive others. Fraud causes losses to another person and the perpetrator make a profit.
As a result of fraud or corruption:
1. Corporate bankruptcy
2. Investment losses
3. Legal settlement costs
4. The actors included prisoners
5. Decline in confidence, especially in the stock market
6. The destruction of the brand (brand) companies
Some regulation or regulations related to fraud such as:
1. U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or FCPA (1997)
2. Oganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Anti-Bribery Convention (1997)
3. The U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002)
4. The U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines (2005)
Number of corporate scandals (Corporate Scandals) make the public and stakeholders voiced no tolerance for fraud (no fraud tolerance).
According to the principles of good governance (Good Corporate Governance), the board of directors (board of directors) is responsible for running the organization with full responsibility and ethics.
The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission's (COSO's) in 1999 analyzed the cases of fraud in the financial statements being investigated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). COSO's finding that:
Directors have an important role in fraud risk management because the majority of the fraud was conducted by senior management (such as CEO, CFO, or the same level) who in collusion with other employees.
According Oversights Systems Report on Corporate Fraud (2007), the main reason that caused the fraud is:
1. The pressure to meet the needs (81%)
2. To get the benefits (72%)
3. Do not consider what he is doing is including fraud (40%)
Some key principles in the fraud risk management, namely:
1. Companies should have a fraud risk management (fraud risk management).
2. Companies should evaluate the risk of fraud on a periodic basis to identify any potential fraud and what should be done to anticipate them.
3. Companies implementing fraud prevention technique for potential fraud risk no. (2) above.
4. Implement fraud detection techniques to identify fraud early.
5. Creating a fraud reporting system and follow up / investigation of the fraud occurred.
Previously, little has been written here. The original title of 'Managing the Business Risk of Fraud: A Practical Guide'. This paper is sponsored by the AICPA, IIA, and ACFE, three leading professional associations in the field of Accounting, Internal Auditing, and Fraud.
In this paper the definition, fraud is an intentional action (to do or not do), aim to deceive others. Fraud causes losses to another person and the perpetrator make a profit.
As a result of fraud or corruption:
1. Corporate bankruptcy
2. Investment losses
3. Legal settlement costs
4. The actors included prisoners
5. Decline in confidence, especially in the stock market
6. The destruction of the brand (brand) companies
Some regulation or regulations related to fraud such as:
1. U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or FCPA (1997)
2. Oganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Anti-Bribery Convention (1997)
3. The U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002)
4. The U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines (2005)
Number of corporate scandals (Corporate Scandals) make the public and stakeholders voiced no tolerance for fraud (no fraud tolerance).
According to the principles of good governance (Good Corporate Governance), the board of directors (board of directors) is responsible for running the organization with full responsibility and ethics.
The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission's (COSO's) in 1999 analyzed the cases of fraud in the financial statements being investigated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). COSO's finding that:
Directors have an important role in fraud risk management because the majority of the fraud was conducted by senior management (such as CEO, CFO, or the same level) who in collusion with other employees.
According Oversights Systems Report on Corporate Fraud (2007), the main reason that caused the fraud is:
1. The pressure to meet the needs (81%)
2. To get the benefits (72%)
3. Do not consider what he is doing is including fraud (40%)
Some key principles in the fraud risk management, namely:
1. Companies should have a fraud risk management (fraud risk management).
2. Companies should evaluate the risk of fraud on a periodic basis to identify any potential fraud and what should be done to anticipate them.
3. Companies implementing fraud prevention technique for potential fraud risk no. (2) above.
4. Implement fraud detection techniques to identify fraud early.
5. Creating a fraud reporting system and follow up / investigation of the fraud occurred.
Business Research
So far, we often hear the word "research". Actually the definition of research was what? Research or Research (research) is a systematic process to find a solution to a problem. In a business context, the study means to find a solution to the problem. Research is needed in terms of solving a problem that could terselesaikan.Penelitian could be just to obtain a solution or the problem could become an opportunity. How come?? Iya can lah ... hehehe ... For example, research is currently facing competition in the Yamaha motorcycle. He was beaten by Honda in sales level, he sought another path with strategies to create a new target market by launching products matic Mio. Whereas the previous competitor in this segment is still small, so that by the Yamaha diambilah opportunities. Yamaha extraordinary berahasil with Matiknya. It takes a fairly in-depth research. Research in product, marketing and so forth. Above I stated that the definition of research is a systematic process .. Here is a systematic process consisting of a series of steps. The first step is knowing where the location of any problems that arise in the organization or company and to recognize the problem as clear and detailed as possible. After he had taken steps to collect information, analyzing data and determine the factors associated with the problem and solve it by taking the necessary corrective action.
This whole process is required perseverance, ojektif, and logical and critical. There's clearly a business research is very necessary for the Company.
What Is Business?
First, production is the creation of services or the changing of materials into products. Next, the product need to be moved from the factory to the marketplace. This known as distribution.
Third is the sale of goods and services. Sale is the exchange of a product or services for money. Goods are products which people either need or want and the services are activities which a person or group perform for another person or organization.
Business, then, is a combination of all these activities : production, distribution and sale.
However, there is one other important factor. This factor is the creation of profit or economic surplus. Profit is the manoy that remains after all the expenses are paid. Creating an economic surplus or profit is, therefore, a primary goal of business activity.
Summary
Business is the combination of all these activities such as a production, distribution and sale for a profit.
Production is the the creation of services or the changing of materials into products.
Distribution is the moving of goods from the factory to the marketplace.
Sale is the exchange of a product or service for money.
Profit is the money that remains after all the expenses are paid.
Portfolio Optimization - Edelman Award 2009 Winner
Portfolio Optimization - Edelman Award 20Edelman Award is the award given by INFORMS for the category of outstanding practice. If in the year 2008, this award fell into the hands of the Netherlands Railways (PT KA his Holland) via train schedule optimization efforts, then the awards this year falls on optimizing product portfolio management efforts.9 Winner
After competing with the finalists:
CSX Railways:
CSX Railway Uses O.R. to Cash in on Optimized Distribution Equipment - three researchers,
IBM Corporation:
Analytics-Driven Solutions for Increased Sales Force Productivity at IBM - seven investigators,
Marriott International:
Group Pricing Optimizer - five researchers,
Norske Skog:
Norske Skog Global Improves Profitability Using OR - 4 investigators,
Zara:
Zara Uses Reengineer Operations Research to Its Global Distribution Process - eight researchers,
Hewlett Packard team, or that we are familiar with the abbreviation HP, managed to come out a winner and entitled to the first prize of $ 10,000.
The theme by HP is the HP Transforms Product Portfolio Management with Operations Research. Done by a large team, which consists of 14 researchers and seven internal external researchers, each of which comes from Emeraldwise LLC; M-Factor; Strategic Management Solutions; McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at Austin; DSApps, Inc., Intuit; and Belk College of Business, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
As a world-renowned electronics companies, HP has produced a lot of electronic goods in various forms with different functions and, of course, with the return on investment (ROI) are diverse.
To that end, HP needed a powerful technique to manage it all for the sake of increasing profits. And Operations Research techniques are!
The following is quoted from this source:
HP Offers a wide spectrum of innovative products to meet customer needs Diverse. While this has helped the company achieve unparalleled market reach, it has come with significant costs and challenges. HP developed two powerful OR-based solutions for management of product variety Diverse That addresses the needs of its businesses throughout on their products' lifecycles. The first uses a custom-built Each ROI calculators to evaluate proposed new product before it is introduced. The second, HP's Revenue Coverage Optimization (RCO) tool, Is Used to manage product variety after it has been introduced. By identifying a core portfolio of products most Important to order coverage, RCO HP enables businesses to Increase operational focus on the most critical products in on their Offerings. Using These tools, HP achieved over $ 500m in profit Improvements Across China Trust business units since 2005. Also HP streamlined its product offering, improved execution, faster delivery performance achieved, lowered overhead, and increased customer satisfaction and market share.
Is there a company in Indonesia has also implemented a similar thing in order to optimize product portfolio management that is owned?
Or still use traditional ways of business instinct or mere business sense?
CSX Railways:
CSX Railway Uses O.R. to Cash in on Optimized Distribution Equipment - three researchers,
IBM Corporation:
Analytics-Driven Solutions for Increased Sales Force Productivity at IBM - seven investigators,
Marriott International:
Group Pricing Optimizer - five researchers,
Norske Skog:
Norske Skog Global Improves Profitability Using OR - 4 investigators,
Zara:
Zara Uses Reengineer Operations Research to Its Global Distribution Process - eight researchers,
Hewlett Packard team, or that we are familiar with the abbreviation HP, managed to come out a winner and entitled to the first prize of $ 10,000.
The theme by HP is the HP Transforms Product Portfolio Management with Operations Research. Done by a large team, which consists of 14 researchers and seven internal external researchers, each of which comes from Emeraldwise LLC; M-Factor; Strategic Management Solutions; McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at Austin; DSApps, Inc., Intuit; and Belk College of Business, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
As a world-renowned electronics companies, HP has produced a lot of electronic goods in various forms with different functions and, of course, with the return on investment (ROI) are diverse.
To that end, HP needed a powerful technique to manage it all for the sake of increasing profits. And Operations Research techniques are!
The following is quoted from this source:
HP Offers a wide spectrum of innovative products to meet customer needs Diverse. While this has helped the company achieve unparalleled market reach, it has come with significant costs and challenges. HP developed two powerful OR-based solutions for management of product variety Diverse That addresses the needs of its businesses throughout on their products' lifecycles. The first uses a custom-built Each ROI calculators to evaluate proposed new product before it is introduced. The second, HP's Revenue Coverage Optimization (RCO) tool, Is Used to manage product variety after it has been introduced. By identifying a core portfolio of products most Important to order coverage, RCO HP enables businesses to Increase operational focus on the most critical products in on their Offerings. Using These tools, HP achieved over $ 500m in profit Improvements Across China Trust business units since 2005. Also HP streamlined its product offering, improved execution, faster delivery performance achieved, lowered overhead, and increased customer satisfaction and market share.
Is there a company in Indonesia has also implemented a similar thing in order to optimize product portfolio management that is owned?
Or still use traditional ways of business instinct or mere business sense?
Some US big companies gain more business profit from sufferings of Iraqis and Afghans
Research Team of GFI
The US motivation was basically to dominate Iraqi natural resources especially oil. In addition, through US military invasion to Iraq, some big companies managed by cronies of George W. Bush and the Republic party could easily be helped to get defense contract offers.
All US companies successfully gaining more business profit more than USD 76 billion in the defense contracts in 2002 led in turn to Caryle Group, a holding company fully managed by Bush and Dick Cheney family.
Let us examine the report from the Public Integrity Center. In one of its reports, almost all of the key actors in the Bush administration had connection with some big companies which are finally proven to have gained big profit after the Iraq war.
Dick Cheney, US vice president and the second strong man after Bush, was former Halliburton CEO, a biggest oil company in the world. Codoleezza Rice, former national security advisor and state secretary was ever named as the Chevron director member, a US world-scale big oil company. US Trade Minister Don Evans was popularly known as former CEO and director of Tom Browns Inc, a rich oil and gas company. While Andrew Card serving as staff chief at the White House during the Bush administration was former lobbying chief of the General Motors.
The core of the story is so simple. Through US military invasion to Iraq, the country was practically put out to contract and pawned to some US big companies. More Tragically, Iraq was offered and pawned to US companies which were initially the cronies and close friends of Bush and Cheney.
The aspect strikingly arousing suspicion following bombing acts at the WTC and Pentagon on 11 September 2001 is a fcat that the terror acts were coincided with the Carlyle Group exclusive meeting. The Carlyle Group is the parent firm focusing on private investment and its top officials have been deployed not only in the Washington administration but also in Saudi Arabia. That means in the business arena there were clearly collusion and conspiracy to dominate Iraq and Afghanistan either geopolitically or geostrategically.
The more interesting thing is the fact that the Bin Laden family is one of the main investors in the Carlyle Group. When an investigation was conducted around the terrorism act on 11 September 2001, there were such possibilities of the involvement of some Saudi Arabian networks in the WTC and Pentagon tragedy.
But when the report was ready to release to public, Bush delayed some 28 reports in terms of the role of Saudi Arabia in the bloody attack. Bush considered that if the reports were released to public, the reports could be used as a means of tracing ways and sources of information inspiring the arrangement of the reports.
Nevertheless, many were suspicious that Bush basically worried if the involvement fo Bush cronies from Saudi Arabia in the case of hijacked planes before the suicide terror acts occurred because of the fact that 15 of 19 hijackers were Saudi Arabians.
All US companies successfully gaining more business profit more than USD 76 billion in the defense contracts in 2002 led in turn to Caryle Group, a holding company fully managed by Bush and Dick Cheney family.
Let us examine the report from the Public Integrity Center. In one of its reports, almost all of the key actors in the Bush administration had connection with some big companies which are finally proven to have gained big profit after the Iraq war.
Dick Cheney, US vice president and the second strong man after Bush, was former Halliburton CEO, a biggest oil company in the world. Codoleezza Rice, former national security advisor and state secretary was ever named as the Chevron director member, a US world-scale big oil company. US Trade Minister Don Evans was popularly known as former CEO and director of Tom Browns Inc, a rich oil and gas company. While Andrew Card serving as staff chief at the White House during the Bush administration was former lobbying chief of the General Motors.
The core of the story is so simple. Through US military invasion to Iraq, the country was practically put out to contract and pawned to some US big companies. More Tragically, Iraq was offered and pawned to US companies which were initially the cronies and close friends of Bush and Cheney.
The aspect strikingly arousing suspicion following bombing acts at the WTC and Pentagon on 11 September 2001 is a fcat that the terror acts were coincided with the Carlyle Group exclusive meeting. The Carlyle Group is the parent firm focusing on private investment and its top officials have been deployed not only in the Washington administration but also in Saudi Arabia. That means in the business arena there were clearly collusion and conspiracy to dominate Iraq and Afghanistan either geopolitically or geostrategically.
The more interesting thing is the fact that the Bin Laden family is one of the main investors in the Carlyle Group. When an investigation was conducted around the terrorism act on 11 September 2001, there were such possibilities of the involvement of some Saudi Arabian networks in the WTC and Pentagon tragedy.
But when the report was ready to release to public, Bush delayed some 28 reports in terms of the role of Saudi Arabia in the bloody attack. Bush considered that if the reports were released to public, the reports could be used as a means of tracing ways and sources of information inspiring the arrangement of the reports.
Nevertheless, many were suspicious that Bush basically worried if the involvement fo Bush cronies from Saudi Arabia in the case of hijacked planes before the suicide terror acts occurred because of the fact that 15 of 19 hijackers were Saudi Arabians.
TRIAD, Overseas Chinese Business People Networks and Network Intelligence CHIS
Author : Tim Riset Global Future Institute (GFI)
Chinese Intelligence Agency who needs special attention is the Chinese Intelligence Service (Chis). Chis intelligence network coverage has proved capable of making trouble at the CIA and several defense agencies of the United States strategically, particularly those related to strategic technology. Reportedly, there are many strategic technological development of the latest secrets of successful Americans to leak into the hands of China. And this, thanks to the success of intelligence operations Chis.
In addition, Chis on many occasions successfully launched an intelligence operation with the aim of strengthening the Chinese business networks abroad, including the United States and Canada. Well here it is. If America and Canada are quite powerful intelligence network can be penetrated, especially Indonesia, which incidentally networks Chinese business in Indonesia quite a lot, and already integrates with the majority of Indonesian society in general.
This is one side of the movement vulnerable to Chinese expansion of ASEAN, including Indonesia. So do not be surprised if U.S. President Barrack Obama visit to Singapore to become one of the most important priorities of American government. Since the visit to Singapore, means to communicate directly with Chinese business network across the country. Whether existing in ASEAN, Japan, Australia, Taiwan, and of course Hong Kong is now completely in the power of China.
So from these facts, we can conclude that transnational Chinese business networks are in progress certainly has established a coordination with the Chinese government and intelligence agencies Chis.
Just for illustration, some Hong Kong Chinese investors and Chinese mainland appears to have close relationships with Chinese officials pemeritah. Second, some Chinese entrepreneurs have founded or purchased several companies in Canada through family members and relatives who have received Chinese citizenship in Canada.
Imagine. Who said that Chinese people loyal to the state he resides. Of these cases revealed that however long she lived in a country, still loyalty to the ancestral state in the People's Republic of China. Moreover, as the device is supported by Chis intelligence network to garner the loyalty of the Chinese community for the strengthening of Chinese business networks abroad.
Some of the modus operandi CHIS
According to various researches Global Future Institute, there are three groups that deserve special attention relates to intelligence operations Chis. First, China's Criminal Gang (TRIAD). Second, Chinese businessmen tissue, usually from Hong Kong and Taiwan, as well as Chinese citizens who have direct access to high-level officials of China. Usually it was that, by exploiting overseas Chinese citizens who have a kinship with several government officials in Beijing.
TRIAD criminal gangs like this are often used by some Chinese companies to perform some specific operation. It is little surprise in the case in Canada, the agents Chis has recruited several Canadian citizens of ethnic Chinese as the chain of intelligence operations Chis strengthen the dominance of Chinese business networks abroad. Of course this is completely over sepersetujuan or even on orders from the Chinese government in Beijing.
In other words, Chis in many cases overseas, the operation has succeeded in mobilizing overseas Chinese businessmen to build a business conglomerate, or even its ownership cartel controlled by Chinese businessmen.
Some of our research reveals that the strengthening of operating the central figure of ethnic Chinese in the United States is the Li Ka Shing, a billionaire American Chinese ethnic origin. Business network extends even to Canada. Vancouver, even third successful network controlled by Li Ka Shing business and his son.
And more interestingly, Li Ka Shing has proved a fairly strong relationships with Chinese government officials. In fact, some companies were used as Li Ka Shing leading companies (The Front Company) controlled government in Beijing.
How, some Chinese financial resources to invest U.S. 400 million to several companies Li Ka Shing. No wonder if some circles in government and security authorities accused the United gait and Chinese business activities in America as a cover of espionage (spying), economically, politically and militarily to China. And the main perpetrators of this operation are: Triad (Criminal Gang), overseas Chinese entrepreneurs network, and intelligence agents Chis itself.
It is understandable if in its development, Li Ka Shing activity deemed by the authorities in the United States was not simply the threat from the business aspect, but also as a source of threat to national security. Therefore, Li ka Shing and Whampoa Hatchison its parent company, is currently in a strict supervision of American security forces.
Indonesia, other than occupied by the movement of U.S. intelligence networks and the European Union, there is a good start seriously monitoring the Chinese intelligence operations in Jakarta. Could Anggodo Wijoyo part of the network chain intelligence and strategic interests of overseas Chinese businessmen in Indonesia and Singapore?
In addition, Chis on many occasions successfully launched an intelligence operation with the aim of strengthening the Chinese business networks abroad, including the United States and Canada. Well here it is. If America and Canada are quite powerful intelligence network can be penetrated, especially Indonesia, which incidentally networks Chinese business in Indonesia quite a lot, and already integrates with the majority of Indonesian society in general.
This is one side of the movement vulnerable to Chinese expansion of ASEAN, including Indonesia. So do not be surprised if U.S. President Barrack Obama visit to Singapore to become one of the most important priorities of American government. Since the visit to Singapore, means to communicate directly with Chinese business network across the country. Whether existing in ASEAN, Japan, Australia, Taiwan, and of course Hong Kong is now completely in the power of China.
So from these facts, we can conclude that transnational Chinese business networks are in progress certainly has established a coordination with the Chinese government and intelligence agencies Chis.
Just for illustration, some Hong Kong Chinese investors and Chinese mainland appears to have close relationships with Chinese officials pemeritah. Second, some Chinese entrepreneurs have founded or purchased several companies in Canada through family members and relatives who have received Chinese citizenship in Canada.
Imagine. Who said that Chinese people loyal to the state he resides. Of these cases revealed that however long she lived in a country, still loyalty to the ancestral state in the People's Republic of China. Moreover, as the device is supported by Chis intelligence network to garner the loyalty of the Chinese community for the strengthening of Chinese business networks abroad.
Some of the modus operandi CHIS
According to various researches Global Future Institute, there are three groups that deserve special attention relates to intelligence operations Chis. First, China's Criminal Gang (TRIAD). Second, Chinese businessmen tissue, usually from Hong Kong and Taiwan, as well as Chinese citizens who have direct access to high-level officials of China. Usually it was that, by exploiting overseas Chinese citizens who have a kinship with several government officials in Beijing.
TRIAD criminal gangs like this are often used by some Chinese companies to perform some specific operation. It is little surprise in the case in Canada, the agents Chis has recruited several Canadian citizens of ethnic Chinese as the chain of intelligence operations Chis strengthen the dominance of Chinese business networks abroad. Of course this is completely over sepersetujuan or even on orders from the Chinese government in Beijing.
In other words, Chis in many cases overseas, the operation has succeeded in mobilizing overseas Chinese businessmen to build a business conglomerate, or even its ownership cartel controlled by Chinese businessmen.
Some of our research reveals that the strengthening of operating the central figure of ethnic Chinese in the United States is the Li Ka Shing, a billionaire American Chinese ethnic origin. Business network extends even to Canada. Vancouver, even third successful network controlled by Li Ka Shing business and his son.
And more interestingly, Li Ka Shing has proved a fairly strong relationships with Chinese government officials. In fact, some companies were used as Li Ka Shing leading companies (The Front Company) controlled government in Beijing.
How, some Chinese financial resources to invest U.S. 400 million to several companies Li Ka Shing. No wonder if some circles in government and security authorities accused the United gait and Chinese business activities in America as a cover of espionage (spying), economically, politically and militarily to China. And the main perpetrators of this operation are: Triad (Criminal Gang), overseas Chinese entrepreneurs network, and intelligence agents Chis itself.
It is understandable if in its development, Li Ka Shing activity deemed by the authorities in the United States was not simply the threat from the business aspect, but also as a source of threat to national security. Therefore, Li ka Shing and Whampoa Hatchison its parent company, is currently in a strict supervision of American security forces.
Indonesia, other than occupied by the movement of U.S. intelligence networks and the European Union, there is a good start seriously monitoring the Chinese intelligence operations in Jakarta. Could Anggodo Wijoyo part of the network chain intelligence and strategic interests of overseas Chinese businessmen in Indonesia and Singapore?
Operations Research
Operations research is a method of decision making yagn developed from studies of military operations during World War II. Research successes of the military study groups have attracted among industrialists to help provide solutions to managerial problems are complicated. Today medapat operations research has been recognized as an important subject at the college level, according to the higher education curriculum development techniques approach in identifying problems and making decisions becomes a necessity for students. Also among the professionals, managers, academics can take advantage of operations research methods presented in this book. Operations research material presented covers various fields of knowledge such as economics, production management, operations management, transportation, engineering and other industries.
Operations research is the application of scientific methods to complex problems that arise in the direction and management of a large system of humans, machines, materials and money in industry, business, government, and defense. This particular approach aims to form a scientific model of the system, incorporating measurements, factors such as chance and risk, to predict and compare the results of several decisions, s the strategy or oversight. The goal is to help determine policy decisions and actions scientifically (Operational Research Society of Grreat Britain)
Operations research is the application of scientific methods to complex problems that arise in the direction and management of a large system of humans, machines, materials and money in industry, business, government, and defense. This particular approach aims to form a scientific model of the system, incorporating measurements, factors such as chance and risk, to predict and compare the results of several decisions, s the strategy or oversight. The goal is to help determine policy decisions and actions scientifically (Operational Research Society of Grreat Britain)
History Organization Operations Research
Operations Research term possibility was first used in 1938 as a term used by scientists to measure the quality of the existing military situation and the movement of weaponry in World War II.
But the organization's new Operations Research itself there is almost a decade later!
How the organization of the world begins RO
Starting in autumn 1947, during an unofficial dinner at the Athenaeum Club in London. At that time, a decision to establish a club made of Operations Research. A number of names such as Sir Charles Frederick Goodeve (Canadian chemist), Professor Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett (who later was given the title of Lord Blackett, British experimental physicist, Nobel Prize winner in Physics in 1948, his name is now enshrined in the building department of Physics at Imperial College, UK), Dr. C. Tizard and Sir Charles Gordon, attended the event. Officially, the club established in April 1948 with Sir Charles Frederick Goodeve was elected as chairman at that time and consists of 50 people early.
Although the use of the word 'club' connotes an exclusive, Sir Charles Frederick Goodeve has a slightly different view about it.
As you know We Had to call it a club, first of all to get over certain legal Difficulties with regard to membership. We thought Difficulties These would be solved in a couple of years, but in the event it took five or six years. However the time was not wasted Because We got the Quarterly going Finally settled and our constitution.
Quarterly is meant here is the Operational Research Quarterly (ORQ), the world's first RO journal, which later changed into the Journal of the Operational Research Society (JORS).
The main activities of the club is to hold scientific meetings and, starting in 1950, publishes a quarterly journal (a quarterly journal). Volume 1, No. 1, from ORQ published in March 1950, with the first article, entitled Operational Research, written by Professor PMS Blackett. As stated in the editorial notes from the inaugural issue:
The main purpose of the ORQ is to the Assembly in one place as much as possible of the information That OR workers now find (or fail to find) scattered widely over the very large body of the scientific and technical literature. The method is to Provide a quarterly collection of Abstracts of relevant papers and articles, taken from as wide a field as possible.
ORQ continued until 1978, and after it turned into JORS with publishing 12 times a year.
Three years after the first edition of the ORQ, the club obtained the status of society. After the change of form into the Operational Research Society (ORS), full membership was reserved only for those who meet certain qualification level. The first chairman was Sir Owen Wansbrough-Jones. Year 1955 will be of interest to the RO penetrated almost all western countries. Of the 50 initial members increased to 1250 members in 1964, with 40% of them qualified. Then increased to about 3000 members in the early 1970s, and continues to survive at that level until today.
How RO defined
Professor P.M.S. Blackett was one of the prime scientists who defines the fundamental parts of the RO. October 1941, he wrote the Report on Operations, which is considered as the initial definition of the RO. He writes about the use of scientists at the operational level:
The object of having Scientists in close touch with operations is to enable the operational staffs to obtain scientific advice on Which Those matters are not handled by the technical service establishments ... Provide the Operational Staff Scientists, with the outlook and operational data. The Scientists apply scientific methods of analysis to this data, and are Thus Able to give useful advice. The play on their field of activity is clearly the analysis of actual operations, using data as the material to be found in the operations room, eg all signals, track charts, combat reports, Meteorological information, etc. . . .
Kittel 1947 defines the RO as
Operations Research is a scientific method for Providing executive departments with a quantitative basis for decisions.
A year later, Sir Charles Frederick Goodeve distill them as common-sense quantitative. In 1962, the definition expanded to RO
Operational Research is the attack of modern science on complex problems arising in the direction and management of large systems of men, machines, materials and money in industry, business, government and defense ...
But the organization's new Operations Research itself there is almost a decade later!
How the organization of the world begins RO
Although the use of the word 'club' connotes an exclusive, Sir Charles Frederick Goodeve has a slightly different view about it.
As you know We Had to call it a club, first of all to get over certain legal Difficulties with regard to membership. We thought Difficulties These would be solved in a couple of years, but in the event it took five or six years. However the time was not wasted Because We got the Quarterly going Finally settled and our constitution.
Quarterly is meant here is the Operational Research Quarterly (ORQ), the world's first RO journal, which later changed into the Journal of the Operational Research Society (JORS).
The main activities of the club is to hold scientific meetings and, starting in 1950, publishes a quarterly journal (a quarterly journal). Volume 1, No. 1, from ORQ published in March 1950, with the first article, entitled Operational Research, written by Professor PMS Blackett. As stated in the editorial notes from the inaugural issue:
The main purpose of the ORQ is to the Assembly in one place as much as possible of the information That OR workers now find (or fail to find) scattered widely over the very large body of the scientific and technical literature. The method is to Provide a quarterly collection of Abstracts of relevant papers and articles, taken from as wide a field as possible.
ORQ continued until 1978, and after it turned into JORS with publishing 12 times a year.
Three years after the first edition of the ORQ, the club obtained the status of society. After the change of form into the Operational Research Society (ORS), full membership was reserved only for those who meet certain qualification level. The first chairman was Sir Owen Wansbrough-Jones. Year 1955 will be of interest to the RO penetrated almost all western countries. Of the 50 initial members increased to 1250 members in 1964, with 40% of them qualified. Then increased to about 3000 members in the early 1970s, and continues to survive at that level until today.
How RO defined
Professor P.M.S. Blackett was one of the prime scientists who defines the fundamental parts of the RO. October 1941, he wrote the Report on Operations, which is considered as the initial definition of the RO. He writes about the use of scientists at the operational level:
The object of having Scientists in close touch with operations is to enable the operational staffs to obtain scientific advice on Which Those matters are not handled by the technical service establishments ... Provide the Operational Staff Scientists, with the outlook and operational data. The Scientists apply scientific methods of analysis to this data, and are Thus Able to give useful advice. The play on their field of activity is clearly the analysis of actual operations, using data as the material to be found in the operations room, eg all signals, track charts, combat reports, Meteorological information, etc. . . .
Kittel 1947 defines the RO as
Operations Research is a scientific method for Providing executive departments with a quantitative basis for decisions.
A year later, Sir Charles Frederick Goodeve distill them as common-sense quantitative. In 1962, the definition expanded to RO
Operational Research is the attack of modern science on complex problems arising in the direction and management of large systems of men, machines, materials and money in industry, business, government and defense ...
Definition of Operational Research
Definition of Operational Research
A brief history:
During World War II, the British army formed a team of top scientists to study the problems of strategy and tactics in connection with the attacks launched by the enemy against his country. Their goal is to determine the use of resources kemeliteran limited, such as radar and Bomber, the most effective manner. Since the TSB team conducted a study on military operations, the Military Operations Research munculah name who since birth has been marked by dugunaknnya scientific knowledge in an effort to determine the use of limited resources.
The success obtained by the British army was then pushed the American army to conduct similar activities to form the same team called Team Operations Research. This team managed to solve the logistical problems of supply of articles for the war, determine flight patterns of a more efficient basis, and determine the basic patterns of tissue for the operation of electronic equipment.
After World War II bearkhir, who was born diInggris Operations Research was then expanded rapidly in the U.S. because of the success achieved by the Operations Research Team in the military field has attracted the attention of industry people. In such rapid progress that is now Operations serearch has been used in almost all activities, both in these High, Consultants, Hospitals, Urban planning as well as in other business activities.
As a problem-solving techniques, Operations research should be viewed as a science and art. Aspects of science lies in the use of techniques and mathematical algorithms to solve the problems faced.
While as an art, its success is because of this mathematical model solution depends on the creativity and the ability of a person as an analyst in making decisions (The Art of Balancing).
Models in Operations Research
1. Iconic model (Physical)
The drawing in a different scale, example: a photo, Blueprint, Map, Globe, etc..
2. Analog model (Diagramatis)
This model can describe the dynamic situation and the more widely used than the iconic model, because it is providing an analog for karskteristik being studied. For example: the statistical frequency distribution curves, the curves suply - demand, flow charts, etc..
3. Symbolic Models (Mathematical)
The drawing of the real world by mathematical symbols. At first this symbolic model of an abstract model which was formed in the mind of someone who is then prepared in symbols. Mathematical model of the most widely used in operational research is a form of mathematical model equations or per Tidaksamaan.
4. Simulation Model
Ie a model that mimics the behavior of the system by studying the interaction of its components. Because it does not require mathematical functions relating explicitly for variable-variable system, then this simulation model can be used to solve complex system problems which can not be solved mathematically. This model can not provide the optimum solution, because of its TSB.
5. Heuristic Model
Sometimes highly complex mathematical formulations to give a definite solution. Or perhaps the optimum solution can be obtained but require that the calculation process is very long and impractical.
Some Definitions Operations Research
Operations Research May be described as a scientific approach to decision making That involves the operations of organizational systems.
Operations Research is the application of scientific method to the decision problem of business and other units of social organization, including government and military organization.
Operations Research today refers to the application of scientific methodology of Trust Different disciplines to problems related to the functioning of Some units operating or business, governmental, or institutional.
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